RUBRICA SETTIMANALE “PAROLA DI SKIPPER” | L’ALBERO ABBATTIBILE

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RUBRICA SETTIMANALE “PAROLA DI SKIPPER” | L’ALBERO ABBATTIBILE

Attrezzatura

2.1 L’albero abbattibile

È certamente molto comodo potere alberare e disalberare con i mezzi di bordo, per esempio per passare agevolmente sotto un ponte, o semplicemente per non dipendere da una gru. Questo problema è molto sentito in Olanda, dove tante imbarcazioni sono attrezzate con albero abbattibile.

Ad Amsterdam si assiste spesso a questa manovra, eseguita con incredibile facilità anche da barche di discrete dimensioni, mentre sono in navigazione nei canali: da terra si vede l’albero che si inclina verso poppa fino alla posizione orizzontale mentre l’imbarcazione si avvicina al ponte e, subito dopo averlo attraversato, lo si vede rialzarsi e ritornare verticale, senza che l’equipaggio si agiti tanto in coperta. E subito dopo le vele possono essere alzate!

Il sistema classico prevede che l’albero possa ruotare attorno a un perno trasversale, di adeguata robustezza, tenuto in posizione da apposito sostegno, poco più in alto della coperta o della tuga. Questo sostegno è costituito da una solida base che si estende lateralmente verso l’alto con due guance, portanti il perno, fra le quali è alloggiato il piede dell’albero.

Poiché è necessario che questo continui a essere sostenuto lateralmente dalle sartie durante la manovra, i terminali bassi degli arridatoi dovranno anch’essi ruotare attorno all’ideale prolungamento del perno a dritta e a sinistra. Ciò si ottiene sollevando le lande fino all’altezza voluta e sostenendole verso prora mediante tiranti, in modo che possano resistere alla trazione delle sartie senza deformarsi, qualunque sia l’angolo dell’albero con l’orizzontale.

In mancanza di tale accorgimento, si dovranno prevedere due “venti” vincolati a metà albero circa, tenuti costantemente tesi lateralmente per sorreggerlo quando le sartie vengono in bando. Per eseguire la manovra di innalzamento e abbattimento dell’albero, è necessario l’impiego di una drizza di genoa, mantenuta a un buon angolo con l’albero mediante il tangone. Questo va inserito nella sua campana (o golfare), tenuta più in basso possibile.

La drizza deve essere regolata e data volta in modo che il tangone sia a 90 gradi con l’albero, rimanendo con questa angolazione nel corso di tutta la manovra. Alla drizza verrà collegata una cima di pari resistenza, portata a un rinvio a prua estrema e quindi a un verricello.

Il tangone dovrà rimanere in mezzeria nel corso della manovra; ciò avviene naturalmente per angolazioni dell’albero comprese tra la verticale e qualche decina di gradi sopra l’orizzontale, ma quando l’albero si avvicina a questa, il tangone perde questa caratteristica autocentrante e va sostenuto da due venti mantenuti tesi lateralmente: bastano due cimette fissate alla varea del tangone nella fase di preparazione. Lo strallo verrà prontamente vincolato alla sua landa durante l’alberamento e verrà invece mollato, per il disalberamento, solo dopo avere messo in forza la cima collegata alla drizza del genoa. Se tutto è stato predisposto con cura, l’albero viene alzato o abbassato con facilità, agendo sul verricello.

Tratto dal libro Parola di Skipper, Editrice Incontri Nautici di Giancarlo Basile

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